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  Conditional type 1 Form  : In a type 1 Conditional sentence, the tense in If clause is the simple present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future. If clause (Condition)     |      main clause (Result)   If + simpl present,                Simpl future.    If it rains                                you will get wet.   If you don't hurry                 you will miss the train.   Function: In type 1 Conditional the time is the present or future, and the situation is real . They refer to a possible condition and its probable result. They are based on facts, and they are used to make statements about the real world, and about particular situations,. We often use such sentences to give warnings.   Examples:    If you don't leave, I w...

  The Zero Conditional    1- Form In "Zero" conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is in the present simple : If clause "Condition" |  Main clause "Result"    If + simpl present,            Simple present.     If you heat ice,                 It melts.    If it rains,                          You get wet. Note : the order of the clauses is not fixed- The "If" clause can be the fir 2 - Function st or second .  Examples:   • Ice melts if you heat it.   • You get wet if it rains.    2 - Function   In these sentences, time is now or always and the situation is real and possible, they are used to make statements about real world, and often refer to general truths, such as scientific facts .   Examples: -If you freeze water, it becomes a solid. -...

  2 . PERMISSION . a. Can . We use can to ask for permission .    - Can I use your pen?    - Can I take another biscuit?    - Can we use our dictionaries?   We use can to give permission.    -You can wait in my office if you like.    -She can use the computer if she needs it.    -I’m sorry, you can’t borrow the car                         tonight. (refuse a permission.)  To talk about rules made by someone else.    -Each passenger can take one bag onto                   the place. (Are allowed …)    - Can you park in this street on Sundays?                 (Are you allowed to …) b. May .    We use may to ask for permission. (It is rather formal)             - May I see th...

 Chapter 1 : MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Verbs can be classified by function into two types: Lexical verbs : go, teach, learn, walk, get, buy, etc. Auxiliary verbs . These can in turn be classified into three types: Primary auxiliaries : do, have, be. Modal auxiliaries : can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to.  Semi-modal auxiliaries (also called periphrastic modals): need, dare, used to. would rather, had better. To understand ‘modal auxiliary verbs’ better, let us first compare them to ordinary verbs. Note. Modals never take the infinitive to:  *to must/ *to will They never add the –s to third person singular in the present: *he cans/ *she mays They never require the –ed ending for the past: *shoulded They never use forms of do or be to make negatives, yes/no questions, or tag questions: *you don’t can; instead, they use the word not for the negative: you cannot, she should not. They are used before main verbs, in tags and short answers as in thes...